Septic Systems

The purpose of this manual update is threefold. The first objective of the writing team was to improve the usability of this massive text. To this end, the sections are organized primarily to follow the flow of water, from wastewater source to soil-based treatment, with subheadings providing direction for specific tasks associated with each component (design, installation, care, and inspection).

Septic Records and Maintenance Guidelines

The septic system is an effective, long-standing method for collecting, treating, and disposing of sewage from rural and suburban homes and businesses. Septic systems are used in every county in North Carolina. Nearly 50 percent of the state’s homes have them. This fact sheet will answer some typical questions about septic systems and their maintenance.

Septic Nutrient Loading - Excerpt from MD WIP III Plan

Reclaimed water is wastewater from a municipal sewage treatment facility that has been treated to be suitable for beneficial use. Reclaimed water is categorized into four water quality Classes (I-IV) which govern their potential uses based on the level of treatment (or quality) attained. These guidelines apply only to use of Class IV reclaimed water generated from a centralized wastewater treatment works. Guidance on the use of Class I, II and III reclaimed water can be found in the Department’s Guidelines for Land Application/Reuse of Treated Municipal Wastewaters (MDE-WMA-001-04/10).

Landscaping Around Your Septic System

Greywater is any household wastewater other than that used for toilet flushing. This water could be reused around the home (for purposes other than drinking water). An example of greywater use is landscape irrigation.

Greywater is any household wastewater other than that used for toilet flushing. This water could be reused around the home (for purposes other than drinking water). An example of greywater use is landscape irrigation. Wastewater that comes in contact with human waste is referred to as blackwater. However, the definition of greywater varies according to state regulations. In many states greywater is defined as household wastewater from baths, showers, laundry washing, and lavatory sinks. However, greywater does not include wastewater from kitchen sinks, dishwashers, and toilets. Kitchen sink and dishwasher wastewater is often classified as blackwater because it may contain higher levels of organic materials (such as food waste) compared to greywater sources. The high organic content of these blackwater sources can lead to low oxygen content and greater microbial activity, and thus may require more stringent treatment. Additionally, if laundry water is used for diaper washing it is usually classified as blackwater rather than greywater since it has come in contact with human waste.